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Norovirus Cases Skyrocket in the U.S.: Here’s How to Avoid the Stomach Bug

As the chilly months close in and holiday festivities begin, a troubling uptick in norovirus cases has been recorded across the United States. Known for its rapid spread and severity, norovirus poses a significant health risk, particularly in communal settings. Understanding the dynamics of this highly contagious virus and knowing how to protect yourself can make all the difference in staying healthy this season.

What is Norovirus?

Norovirus is a group of viruses that cause gastroenteritis, which is inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It is often referred to as the “stomach bug” and is notorious for causing outbreaks in settings where people are in close quarters, such as:

Schools
Daycares
Nursing homes
Hospitals
Cruise ships

Symptoms of norovirus infection may include:

Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Stomach cramps
Fever
Headaches

These symptoms can appear 12 to 48 hours after exposure and can last for one to three days. While most people recover without needing medical attention, the virus can have severe consequences for those who are very young, elderly, or immune-compromised.

Why Are Cases Increasing?

The recent spike in norovirus cases is attributed to a combination of factors:

Seasonal Trends: Norovirus typically sees an increase in the winter months, coinciding with holiday gatherings and increased indoor activities.
Increased Testing: Enhanced surveillance and testing protocols have led to more reported cases.
Vulnerable Populations: Higher interaction among vulnerable groups, particularly in communal living facilities, makes it easier for the virus to spread.

How to Prevent Norovirus

As the saying goes, “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” Here are essential strategies to keep norovirus at bay:

1. Practice Good Hygiene

Proper handwashing is one of the most effective defenses against norovirus. Follow these steps:

Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
Use hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol when soap and water are not available.
Wash your hands after using the bathroom, before eating, and after handling food.

2. Disinfect Surfaces

Norovirus can survive on surfaces for days. To prevent transmission:

Clean and disinfect surfaces that are frequently touched, such as countertops, faucets, and door handles.
Use a bleach-based cleaner or other designed disinfectants, following the manufacturer’s instructions.

3. Be Cautious with Food

Foodborne transmission is a common way norovirus spreads. To safeguard against this:

Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before consumption.
Cook shellfish to appropriate temperatures. They should be cooked to an internal temperature of 145°F (62.8°C).
Avoid preparing food when you are sick, as you can contaminate the food you prepare.

4. Stay Home When Sick

If you or a family member show symptoms of norovirus, it’s crucial to stay home to prevent spreading the virus. Follow these guidelines:

Remain at home for at least 48 hours after symptoms subside to limit the potential for spreading the virus.
Avoid going to work, school, or community events during this time.